The Eukaryotic Cell Has Multiple Membrane-Enclosed Compartments. This Evolutionary Innovation Provides What Advantage To The Cell? (2023)

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The Eukaryotic Cell Has Multiple Membrane-Enclosed Compartments. This Evolutionary Innovation Provides What Advantage To The Cell? ›

The eukaryotic cell has multiple membrane-enclosed compartments. This evolutionary innovation provides what advantage to the cell? The different membrane-enclosed spaces allow different parts of the cell to perform specific functions.

The fundamental building blocks of all cell membranes are phospholipids, which are amphipathic molecules, consisting of two hydrophobic fatty acid chains linked to a phosphate-containing hydrophilic head group (see Figure 2.7).

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume. If the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane, then that solution is hypotonic to the cell.

What happens to the chemical energy that is extracted from molecules by cellular activities but that is not used for cellular work? The energy contributes to the entropy of the system.

The hydrolysis of DNA into nucleotides constitutes an exergonic reaction. Yet, DNA is quite stable. Why is this the case? The activation energy required to initiate this reaction is seldom reached.

The cell membrane, therefore, has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out and, second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.

Cell membranes serve as barriers and gatekeepers. They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot. Small hydrophobic molecules and gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide cross membranes rapidly.

A cell placed into a hypertonic solution will shrivel and die by a process known as plasmolysis. An isotonic solution is any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow into it. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow out of it.

If the environment surrounding the cell has a greater amount of solute than the cell itself, than the water inside the cell will move out of the cell. This is because water moves from a high to low concentration. Hypertonic solution means highly concentrate with solute.

What is the main process that occurs during cellular respiration that extracts the chemical energy within glucose lipid or protein molecules? ›

Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.

When a nucleotide from the DNA containing thymine is hydrolyzed, thymine β-D-2-deoxyribose and phosphoric acid are obtained as products.

Nucleotide is a basic constituent of DNA. When the nucleotide undergoes hydrolysis, it leads to the formation of a sugar molecule and phosphoric acid. The sugar molecule structure is based on the nucleotide structure.

In general the generic process of hydrolysis encompasses two important reactions, that of deamination and of base loss from the 2′-deoxyribose backbone. Base loss is believed to lead to chain scissions.

Phospholipids. The major component of cell membranes is phospholipids. Phospholipids are a type of lipid that makes up the cell membrane. Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophobic parts, which do not readily mix with water, and hydrophilic parts, which mix with water.

Cell membranes are composed of proteins and lipids. Since they are made up of mostly lipids, only certain substances can move through. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid found in the membrane. Phospholipids are made up of two layers, the outer and inner layers.

Although the basic structure of biological membranes is provided by the lipid bilayer, membrane proteins perform most of the specific functions of membranes. It is the proteins, therefore, that give each type of membrane in the cell its characteristic functional properties.

What are two main components of a cell (plasma) membrane? Two main components are the phospholipid bilayer and the proteins.